New York

Sets bail first

Local criminal court judge

Who that is

A judge

Release on a schedule

No

Time to see a judge

No hour limit set

Money bail

Limited (2020)

Risk assessment

CJA Release Assessment (New York City) (some counties)

Prosecutor

District attorney, one per county, elected

Public defense

Mixed

Jails run by

Mixed

Who decides release first

A judge of a local criminal court decides release at arraignment; the police do not set bail. Outside the big cities that judge is often a town or village justice who need not be a lawyer. A local court can't set bail on a class A felony or for someone with two prior felony convictions; a superior court judge decides those.

N.Y. Crim. Proc. Law 530.20N.Y. Crim. Proc. Law 150.20

Time to see a judge

Police must bring an arrested person before a local criminal court without unnecessary delay. The statute sets no hour limit. The U.S. Supreme Court's 48-hour rule for a probable cause finding applies as the federal floor.

N.Y. Crim. Proc. Law 140.20

Money bail

Since 2020, a court must release people charged with most misdemeanors and nonviolent felonies on their own promise or on nonmoney conditions. Money bail is allowed only for listed qualifying offenses, such as violent felonies and some sex and weapons crimes.

N.Y. Crim. Proc. Law 530.20(1)

Population covered

98%

of New York's people lived under an agency that reported to the FBI in 2025.

Agencies on NIBRS

48%

260 of 537 agencies send incident detail. The rest send summary counts or nothing.

Source: FBI Crime Data Explorer, pulled 2026-09-26.

Program

New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services (DCJS)

Incident reporting

Yes, NYSIBR (New York State Incident-Based Reporting).

Annual report

Crime in New York StateLatest edition: 2023. Editions online 2022 to 2023.

Online portal

NYS Index Crime dashboards (by county and region, by reporting agency)

What changed

The DCJS site was rebuilt and old /crimnet/ojsa report links were dropped. No 2024 Crime in New York State report found; DCJS has posted the 2024 hate crime report.

Links and years checked 2026-09-26.

• DCJS Law Enforcement StatisticsState · NY

  New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services · Incidents, Arrests · html, pdf, xlsx · annual

  State UCR/IBR repository; index crime and arrest statistics by county and agency.

• NY Courts Detained Pretrial Monthly ExtractState · NY

  New York State Unified Court System, Division of Technology and Court Research · Bail, Jails · csv · monthly

  Monthly CSV of people detained pretrial. Fields not yet read.

• NY Courts Pretrial Release DataState · NY

  New York State Unified Court System, Division of Technology and Court Research · Bail, Courts · csv, xlsx, dashboard · annual

  One CSV per arraignment year, 2020-2025, plus Town and Village extract. Has Judge_Name, court, county, release decision, bail set by type, bail requested, bail made, rearrest, disposition. Site returns 403 to non-browser clients.

• NY DCJS Supplemental Pretrial Release Data FileState · NY

  New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services · Bail, Courts, Arrests · csv, xlsx, pdf · annual

  Arraignments 2019 and 2020-2024 with prior criminal history, failure to appear, and rearrest. Judge field unverified.

• NY OCA-STAT Act case extractsState · NY

  New York State Unified Court System, Division of Technology and Court Research · Courts · csv · monthly

  Case level with county and court: arraignment, severity, top charge, disposition, sentence, 2021-2026 (about 166 MB a year). Cloudflare blocks scripts.

Plus 83 national sources, from the FBI, the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the Census Bureau, the courts, and others.